3-2. noun phrase constituent: modifier

3-2-1. attributive adjectives as noun pre-modifier

1. Descriptions
   • Attributive adjectives are adjectives describing particular attributes of the noun they modify.
   • They are pre-modifiers because they come before the noun they modify.
   • This category excludes cases where an attributive adjective serves as a complement to a copular verb (e.g., this project is good)
2. Tag
   • attr+npremod is tagged on the attributive adjective.
   • In cases where multiple adjectives are included, tag each one (as in the third example below) HS: Please check this during the discussion!
3. Examples
   • He struggled to read the emotional inquiry.
   • She drives a fast car.
   • The small, antique, wooden chest held many treasures.
   • They bought a beautiful home.

3-2-2. noun as noun pre-modifier

1. Descriptions
   • Nouns as noun pre-modifiers (sometimes noun adjunct) are nouns that add specific information to the following noun.
   • These nouns often communicate meaning related the purpose, type, ownership, or material among other qualities of nouns they modify.
2. Tag
   • nn+npremod is tagged on the pre-modifying noun.
3. Examples
   • The pilot's license needed to be reviewed by the avitation security committee.
   • He barely passed fighter pilot training.
   • She placed her coffee cup on the table.
   • The city council is considering a new traffic regulation proposal.
4. Discussions
   • We tagged instances where proper nouns function as pre-modifiers in a noun phrase.
     • In such cases, only the last part of the proper noun phrases is tagged (e.g., the Second World War decades).
     • When the proper noun is part of a coordinated structure, only the first proper noun is tagged (e.g., the Reform and Conservative era).
   • We did NOT tag numeric modifers (e.g., eighty four hours)

3-2-3. of phrases as noun post-modifier

1. Descriptions
   • of phrases modify nouns and articulate a variety of relationships between nouns, linked by of. These phrases follow the noun they modify, serving as a post-modifer. They can indicate relationships other than possession (i.e., genitive), such as part-whole, association, or classification.
   • The of phrase comes after the noun it relates to, therefore being considered a post-modifier.
2. Tag
   • of+npostmod is tagged on the of of the of phrase.
3. Examples
   • The sound of music was soothing.
   • McKenna wrote about the origins of human language.
   • She is the CEO of the company.
   • A group of students gathered in the hall.
   • The title of the book is harry potter and the cursed child.
   • … a war of words

3-2-4. other prepositional phrases as noun post-modifier

1. Descriptions
   • This tag includes all other prepositional phrases (except for of) that follow a noun and modify it.
2. Tag
   • in+npostmod is tagged on the preposition of the prepositional phrase.
3. Examples
   • The painting in the corner caught my eye.
   • The conference on global warming was very informative.
   • Your cake with chocolate icing was delicious.
   • Children under twelve get in for free.

3-2-5. appositive noun phrases as noun post-modifier

1. Descriptions
   • Noun phrases in apposition (appositive) have equivalent status with the preceding (head) noun phrase.
     • The order of the head noun phrase and the appositive could (nomally) be reversed to produce an equal grammatical construction with basically the same meaning.
   • They provide descriptive information about the head noun but are not needed to identify the reference of the head noun.
2. Tag
   • appos+npostmod is tagged on the head noun of the appositive phrase.
3. Examples
   • The capital city, Paris, is the heart of France.
     • Paris, the capital city, is the heart of France.
   • The famous inventor Thomas Edison made numerous advancements in technology. (Q. When the noun phrase is a proper noun, we tag on the last name.)
     • Thomas Edison, the famous inventor, made numerous advancements in technology.
   • My brother John is a painter.
   • My friend, an experienced hiker, has traveled far and wide.