LxGrTagger Annotation Guidelines

• This project is under the LCR-ADS lab at the University of Oregon's Linguistics Department, led by Dr. Kristopher Kyle.

• We are currently developing tag descriptions and detailed annotation guidelines for complexity features for LxGrTagger. For some of the more complex examples, we have added a Discussions section below the corresponding tags based on the discussions between the team at the University of Oregon and scholars from Northern Arizona University (Many thanks to Douglas Biber, Jesse Egbert, and Randi Reppen for providing valuable insights!).

• In the process of constructing the guidelines, we primarily refer to the Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English (6th ed.) by Biber et al. (2007), paraphrasing the contents and specifying the referred pages. When citing other works, we include both the references and the specific page numbers.

Tagging scheme

The tagging scheme is organized into hierarchical structures:

• Structural type: The highest level of linguistic structure categorization.
  • Syntactic function: Classifies elements based on their function within the structural type.
    • Complexity feature: The focus of tagging, which includes:
      1. Descriptions: Detailed explanations of the complexity features.
      2. Tag: Guidelines on where to apply the tag (TAG NAME) within the structure.
      3. Examples: Examples, where the target complexity feature is underlined and the tagging location is highlighted in bold.
      4. Discussions

Quick examples overview

Structural Type	Syntactic Function	Complexity Feature (Tag)	Examples
Finite Clause	Adverbial	finitecls+advl	She finished her work before the deadline arrived.
Finite Clause	Verb Complement	thatcls+vcomp	That the team won the championship was unexpected.
Finite Clause	Verb Complement	whcls+vcomp	I wonder what that could be about.
Finite Clause	Noun Phrase Modifier	finitecls+rel	The idea which comes up with great frequency involves several steps.
Finite Clause	Noun Phrase Complement	thatcls+ncomp	The conclusion that global temperatures are rising is alarming.
Finite Clause	Adjective Complement	thatcls+jcomp	We're happy that the hunger strike has ended.
Finite Clause	Adjective Complement	xtrapos+thatcls+jcomp	It's horrible that he put up with Claire's nagging.
Finite Clause	Preposition Complement	whcls+incomp	She is interested in what you believe.
Non-finite Clause	Adverbial	tocls+advl	To verify this hypothesis, sections of fixed cells were examined.
Non-finite Clause	Adverbial	ingcls+advl	Running along the beach, she found a rare shell.
Non-finite Clause	Adverbial	edcls+advl	The sky had grown leaden-grey, tinged with a glow somewhere between orange and violet.
Non-finite Clause	Verb Complement	tocls+vcomp	I want to hold your hand.
Non-finite Clause	Verb Complement	ingcls+vcomp	I like running south Amazon running trail.
Non-finite Clause	Noun Phrase Modifier	tocls+rel	Where is the best place to eat dinner near me?
Non-finite Clause	Noun Phrase Modifier	ingcls+rel	The person sitting on the chair is my colleague.
Non-finite Clause	Noun Phrase Modifier	edcls+rel	The book published last year won several awards.
Non-finite Clause	Noun Phrase Complement	tocls+ncomp	His decision to leave early surprised everyone.
Non-finite Clause	Adjective Complement	tocls+jcomp	He was determined to find out the truth.
Non-finite Clause	Adjective Complement	xtrapos+tocls+jcomp	It is possible to get things back on track.
Non-finite Clause	Prepositional Complement	ingcls+incomp	The process for washing dishes by hand is attached.
Dependent Phrase	Adverb Phrase	rb+advl	The car entered a curved road slowly.
Dependent Phrase	Prepositional Phrase	in+advl	He spoke with enthusiasm.
Dependent Phrase	Noun Phrase Modifier	attr+npremod	She had a really cute idea.
Dependent Phrase	Noun Phrase Modifier	nn+npremod	I'm not into coffee cake.
Dependent Phrase	Noun Phrase Modifier	of+npostmod	Do you know the name of this flower?
Dependent Phrase	Noun Phrase Modifier	in+npostmod	The competition is open to young people under the age of 18.
Dependent Phrase	Noun Phrase Modifier	appos+npostmod	The boss, John Harris is a passionate figure.
Dependent Phrase	Adjective Complement	in+jcomp	She was thrilled with her completion of the PhD program.
Dependent Phrase	Adjective/Adverb Modifier	rb+jjrbmod	The movie was surprisingly good.